The Shanti Bill 2025, formally known as the Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India Bill, marks a major shift in India’s nuclear energy policy. Passed in Parliament, this legislation aims to modernise the country’s nuclear framework and support long-term clean energy goals.
India’s energy demand is rising rapidly due to urbanisation, industrial growth, and digital infrastructure. In this context, the SHANTI Bill positions nuclear power as a reliable and low-carbon solution to meet future needs.
What Is the Shanti Bill 2025?
The Shanti Bill replaces outdated nuclear laws and introduces a new legal structure for India’s civil nuclear energy sector. Earlier, nuclear power was almost entirely controlled by the government. This bill changes that approach by allowing regulated participation from private and foreign players while maintaining national security oversight.
The objective is to expand nuclear power generation, attract investment, and improve operational efficiency without compromising safety.
5 Key Features of the SHANTI Bill
1. Private Sector Entry
The bill allows private companies to participate in nuclear power generation, reactor construction, fuel handling, and research activities under strict licensing norms. This is a significant policy change aimed at accelerating capacity expansion.
2. Nuclear Capacity Expansion
India has set a target of achieving around 100 GW of nuclear power capacity by 2047. The SHANTI Bill provides the policy support required to achieve this ambitious goal.
3. New Regulatory Structure
The bill strengthens the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board by giving it statutory authority. This ensures better safety monitoring, licensing, and enforcement across all nuclear facilities.
4. Changes in Nuclear Liability
To encourage investment, the bill revises liability provisions. Operator liability is clearly defined and capped, while supplier liability has been removed. This aligns India’s nuclear policy with international standards.
5. Foreign Direct Investment
The SHANTI Bill permits foreign direct investment of up to 49 percent in India’s civil nuclear sector, opening doors for global technology and capital.
Why the Shanti Bill Is Important?
Nuclear energy provides stable, round-the-clock power unlike solar or wind, which depend on weather conditions. This makes it critical for supporting industrial growth and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
The bill also supports India’s climate commitments by promoting low-carbon energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, private participation can bring innovation, efficiency, and faster project execution.
Concerns and Criticism
Despite its benefits, the SHANTI Bill has faced criticism. Some experts argue that changes in liability laws may weaken accountability in case of nuclear accidents. Others have raised concerns about regulatory independence and public transparency.
There are also calls for stronger public consultation, especially in regions where nuclear plants may be developed.
Conclusion
The Shanti Bill 2025 represents a historic transformation in India’s nuclear energy policy. By opening the sector to private and foreign investment while strengthening regulation, the government aims to balance growth, safety, and sustainability.
If implemented carefully, the Shanti Bill could play a crucial role in securing India’s clean energy future and meeting long-term power demands.
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